Canarias Nature

¶Goats
keeping / herding goats #husbandry

ties to @MB1, +pau
[!] document +kos

:
    * where do you buy little goats? price? costs to maintain?
    * why don't you have more goats?
    * they live inside the volcano craters:
        what do they do there?
        do they need upkeep?
        how to get there?
        whose are they?
        can I put my goat there?
    * [...]



<----------------------(new) TODO ↑

¶% : endemic/endangered

"Many of Europe's most endangered animals are species restricted to islands, notably the Canary Islands."


"""
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
"""
    * https://www.currentresults.com/Endangered-Animals/europe.php
    * https://www.iucn.org/regions/europe/our-work/european-red-list-threatened-species#

¶* Geckos @ Lanzarote

    * geckos traditionally live in houses
    * are probably good against local pests (flies, etc)
    * are threatened by cats, lack of old-style materials (wood, plants shade):
        If we can study them and their living conditions we should be able to create wall spaces for them to live in any house
    * ###

¶* Disappeared reptiles @Lanzarote

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Reptiles_of_the_Canary_Islands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_the_Canary_Islands

Various species of giant lizards were considered extinct but still subsist:
    @El Hierro https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Hierro_giant_lizard
        * rediscovered in 1974
        * partly reintroduced to extend its territory
    @La Palma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Palma_giant_lizard
    @La Gomera https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Gomera_giant_lizard
        * rediscovered in 1999
    @Tenerife https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife_speckled_lizard
        * discovered for the first time in 1996

also called "living fossiles"

¶* (Reptiles)

#database
https://www.itis.gov/about_itis.html
http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/

¶* Canary big-eared bat [%]

(Plecotus teneriffae)

    * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_big-eared_bat
    * https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17602/1424721 !!! <- great website

    * "vulnerable to the risk of extinction" as evaluated by the IUCN (in the red list)

Criteria for this designation:
    * its estimated area of occurrence is less than 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi)
    * it is found in fewer than five locations
    * its population is declining
    * it is threatened by habitat loss due to:
        * deforestation
        * use of pesticides near forest habitat
        * loss of roosting sites due to building renovation

Situation:
    * remaining population is estimated ~500-2000
    * only two breeding colonies:
        * one on La Palma (in the Cuevas de los Murciélagos) : natural cave
            https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/43_Rhino_tcm7-22018.pdf
        * one on Tenerife, are known
    * the larger colony @La Palma is estimated to have declined by 80% in recent years
    * it is a protected species under Spanish law and international conventions (the Bonn Convention and Berne Convention)

More infos:
    * the Canary Big-eared Bat (Plecotus teneriffae) is highly associated with woodland habitats (coniferous and mixed)
    * occasionally forages in more open and arid areas. Its diet consists primarily of moths
    * recorded roost sites include volcanic tubes, caves, and crevices in abandoned buildings (Trujillo 2002)
    * tree holes and bat or bird boxes are never used (Benzal and Fajardo 1999)

¶* Madeira Pipistrelle (A BAT) [%]
Pipistrellus maderensis

another bat !!!
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17315/1380378#conservation-actions

¶* Canary Shrew (SMALL MOUSE) [%]
Crocidura canariensis



    * It's not known how many Canary shrews exist or whether their numbers have changed over the years.
    * Rapid development on the islands is fragmenting and destroying the shrews' habitat.

¶* Hubara (bustard)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houbara_bustard

https://eldiariodecanarias.com/noticia/%E2%80%9Csi-no-se-hace-nada-dentro-de-15-a%C3%B1os-ser%C3%A1-un-milagro-ver-una-hubara%E2%80%9D
"""
The subspecies fuertaventurae of the Canary Islands is highly restricted and endangered. A 1997 survey found a total population of about 500 birds.[14]
"""
(<100 in 2021)

¶(resources)

→ 🔗natural-resources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Flora_of_the_Canary_Islands

https://www.coolturalanzarote.com/en/a-visual-guide-puts-in-value-the-knowledge-about-the-flora-of-lanzarote/

David Bramwell and Zoë Bramwell. Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands. Editorial Rueda, Madrid, España. 2001. ISBN 84-7207-129-4

Catálogo de Especies Amenazadas de Canarias

¶* primary / ancient forests

### https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt 's ship logs, detailing Lanzarote's North coast

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islands_dry_woodlands_and_forests
Laurisilva

¶* Erica scoparia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erica_scoparia

"""
Erica scoparia is a perennial evergreen shrub with small yellowish white to red-brown bell-shaped drooping flowers borne in  clusters at the ends of its shoots.[2]
"""

¶* (new forests / reforestation)
#Renaturing
<david research

:
    * notes written from first colonisers: >david
        * description of a green forest all over the island

    * the presence of Canary Big-eared Bat:
        * associates with woodland habitats (coniferous and mixed)
        * currently not @Lanza:
            * was it ever here ?

¶* "papas crias"

truffles (fake and real?)

###

¶* Kleinia neriifolia
ESP verode or berode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleinia_neriifolia
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleinia_neriifolia

"""
Kleinia neriifolia es una especie del género Kleinia endémica de las islas Canarias cuyo aspecto general recuerda a un pequeño drago.
"""

Mini Tabaiba ###

¶* Euphorbia canariensis
ESP cardon

(pseudo cactus, poisonous, weird fruits)
### @santi has one, we had two in CHT1 I think

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_canariensis

¶* Tetraena fontanesii ("uva del mar")
aka Zygophylletum fontanesii

near ocean!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraena_fontanesii
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraena_fontanesii
"""
Tetraena fontanesii o Zygophyllum fontanesii, también llamada Uva de mar, Uvilla, Babosa o Salado baboso es una especie de arbusto suculento autóctono de ciertos archipiélagos de la Macaronesia y del Noroeste de África.  Su distribución incluye el Noroeste de África, Islas Salvajes, Cabo Verde y Canarias. Está presente en todas las islas Canarias excepto La Palma. 
"""

has a use!
    "La especie ha sido explotada en el pasado para la obtención de sosa cáustica, junto con la barrilla."
    (NaOH) == Sodium hydroxide
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide
    @@natural-resources
-------------------
[!!→] could be a project?
"""
Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tons, while demand was 51 million tons.[13]
"""

¶* Euphorbia regis jubae

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_regis-jubae
"In Spanish, it is known as tabaiba morisca"

¶[E]* Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (salt salad / "ice plant")

"""
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is covered with enlarged epidermal cells, called "bladder cells". The main function of these bladder cells is to reserve water.[2]
"""

__________________________

Can be eaten!
"""
In Japan, the plant has become a common vegetable sold in supermarkets around the country after Saga University has succeeded in hydroponic cultivation of a commercial quantity in 2009. The plant is commonly called iceplant(アイスプラント), salt leaf(ソルトリーフ) and barafu(バラフ) in Japanese.[5]
"""

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378377417300999
Effects of increased seawater salinity irrigation on growth and quality of the edible halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. under field conditions
"""
Irrigation up to EC 35 dS m−1 did not damage the growth of M. crystallinum (the ‘ice plant’).
"""
CONVERSION:
  TDS (mg/L or ppm) = EC (dS/m) x 800 (EC > 5 dS/m)
  via https://ucanr.edu/sites/Salinity/Salinity_Management/Salinity_Basics/Salinity_measurement_and_unit_conversions/
  via https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/soil-salinity/measuring-soil-salinity :
      ----------------
      So 35g/L = 35.000mg/L = 55 dS/m = 5500mS/m

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378377417300999
"Irrigation up to EC 35 dS m−1 did not damage the growth of M. crystallinum (the ‘ice plant’)."
converting that to gram/liter https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/soil-salinity/measuring-soil-salinity ..........
....... seawater at 35g/L is about 55dS

_________________

"""
La planta se usó para la obtención de sosa caústica y sus semillas fueron utilizadas por los aborígenes canarios para la elaboración de gofio.2​ 
"""
but no mention of it as salad?

ESP nombre comun
"""
Castellano:"ANÉMONA DE TIERRA" escarcha, escarchada, escarchosa, flor de la plata, hierba de la plata, hierba escarchada, lengua de vaca, plateada, rocío, yerba de la plata, yerba del rocío, yerba escarcha, yerba escarchada, yerba plata, yerba plateada.4​
"""

____________________

"""
with the highest concentration stored in epidermal bladder cells. The salt is released by leaching once the plant dies. This results in a detrimental osmotic environment preventing the growth of other, non-salt-tolerant species while allowing M. crystallinum seeds to germinate
"""
lol

"""
Due to its salt accumulation, M. crystallinum may be useful for bio-remediation.[2]
"""
so i guess if you collect it before it dies, it can be salt negative !

______________________
[!!*] we should grow it where we discard water!
### goal: "never use salt" in kitchen


______________
also see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragonia_tetragonioides

¶* Prosopis glandulosa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis_glandulosa
growing @barranco, common in Canarias

mentioned also here
"""
Honey mesquite (prosopis glandulosa) is a super drought tolerant and easy to grow/thrive native plant in that area that would be a great choice. Others on this thread are correct that this would be hard work, but if you focus on native plants that already grow in the region, you will be much more successful.
"""

__________________________

"""
The indigenous peoples of California and southwestern North America used parts of Prosopis glandulosa as a medicinal plant, food source, building and tools material, and fuel.[12] The Cahuilla ate the blossoms and pods, which were ground into meal for cake.[13][14] The thorns of the plant were used as tattoo needles, and the ashes for tattoos, by the Cahuilla and Serrano Indians of Southern California.[3] Its dense and durable wood is prized for making tools and arrow points,[3] and for the unique flavor it lends to foods cooked over it. The deep taproots, often larger than the trunks, are dug up for firewood. 
"""

¶Frankenio ericifoliae

via grafcan/visor:
"""
Hábitat Unión Europea (1):
    1250 Acantilados con vegetación endémica de las costas macaronésicas
Sintaxon (1):
    Frankenio ericifoliae-Zygophylletum fontanesii
Nombre común (1):
    Comunidad de Tomillo marino y Uva de mar
"""

http://www.floradecanarias.com/frankenia_ericifolia.html
"""
El tomillo marino, o brezo de mar
"""
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenia_laevis

https://fuerteventuraenimagenes.com/tomillo-de-mar/
https://fichas.infojardin.com/perennes-anuales/frankenia-laevis-brezo-de-mar-tomillo-mar.htm




<-------------------- (new)+ FLORA ↑

¶_______ (also recognized)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyranthemum_maderense
(North Lanzarote daisy)


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echium_simplex
(as ornamental)




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesnouinia_arborea


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_bourgaeana
(native to tenerife)


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonium_arboreum#/media/File:Limonium_arborescens_02.JPG-css
tree limonium

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/439455-Lactuca-palmensis


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonium_perezii
"It is native to the coasts of the Canary Islands but are widely used in gardens throughout the world"


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva_acerifolia#Uses
good for fodder
i think @dušan has it

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_berthelotii
wow

¶* volcanic rocks lichen

phoenicians collecting ... moss something for colour ???
#textiles #materials
@@natural-resources

¶* olivin minerals
###

¶* clay
###

¶* limestone
###

¶[!] Similar geographies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin_and_Range_Province

proposed agriculture:
"""
Agave orchard? Opuntia orchard?
"""

¶[!!] (MERGING)

* David research about forests


(a frag in cht6a-nature) ... so ... "there is maybe more somewhere"
"""
* find and merge previous stuff
* publish select?
"""

¶agriculture— North Ronaldsay Sheep are halophytes & eat seaweed

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Ronaldsay_sheep

[!] would be cool to have them here

(also these)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agneau_de_pr%C3%A9-sal%C3%A9

¶Plant to grow: Purslane


___________________________

¶[!] ANTIPEST/RABBITS— myxomatosis

crazy story
https://ranchotexaslanzarote.com/european-rabbit-oryctolagus-cuniculus/
"a mortal virus affected the rabbit population. In 1951, the artificial use of this virus became popular in order to control de rabbit population. The illness produced by the virus was called Myxomatosis. It provided relief in those parts with sufficient water and thus insect vectors necessary for the spread of the disease. However, Myxomatosis was introduced in Europe and spread readily, provoking the death of thousands of rabbits"

¶(L:) "Wilde plants gathering in Canary Islands"

→ https://www.academia.edu/7183303/Wild_plants_gathering_Canary_Islands

¶Sweet tabaiba
<L
###

¶"Castillo de Lara - a Pine Forest in Fuerteventura"
<L
###



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