NUCLEAR
< PRE-DRAFT+ >
To nuclear or not to nuclear?
Table of Contents
¶ * solar...
needs rare earths
needs 1/3 of the energy of its expected use (~20 years) <ref>
no idea how we'll recycle
also see → 🔗solar
needs rare earths
needs 1/3 of the energy of its expected use (~20 years) <ref>
no idea how we'll recycle
also see → 🔗solar
¶ * hydro...
* limited, costs increasing after the simple deployments
* natural disaster:
* completely destroyes the river and connected natural habitat
* case: Slovenian environmentalists successfuly blocked Mura plants! (https://uk.reuters.com/article/slovenia-power/slovenia-drops-mura-river-hydropower-plans-to-protect-environment-idUKL8N2362GL)
* activists in the Balkans, with some of the purest rivers in EU still left undestroyed → https://balkanriverdefence.org/
* more: →
* limited, costs increasing after the simple deployments
* natural disaster:
* completely destroyes the river and connected natural habitat
* case: Slovenian environmentalists successfuly blocked Mura plants! (https://uk.reuters.com/article/slovenia-power/slovenia-drops-mura-river-hydropower-plans-to-protect-environment-idUKL8N2362GL)
* activists in the Balkans, with some of the purest rivers in EU still left undestroyed → https://balkanriverdefence.org/
* more: →
¶ * wind...
dramatically changes landscape (both with plants + the transmission lines)
not present everywhere (so either impossible, or demands lots of transmission lines)
also needs rare earths (permanent magnets) as input:
* """The rare earths most commonly used in the wind industry are neodymium and dysprosium, plus small amounts of praseodymium."""
* 90% of current stock in China
* extremely toxic to produce
* current recycling methods insufficient
* there might be room for technical improvement, →
_____
consulted 1, 2, substitution possibilities, [...]
dramatically changes landscape (both with plants + the transmission lines)
not present everywhere (so either impossible, or demands lots of transmission lines)
also needs rare earths (permanent magnets) as input:
* """The rare earths most commonly used in the wind industry are neodymium and dysprosium, plus small amounts of praseodymium."""
* 90% of current stock in China
* extremely toxic to produce
* current recycling methods insufficient
* there might be room for technical improvement, →
_____
consulted 1, 2, substitution possibilities, [...]
¶ * geothermal...
* earthquake risks, for example https://phys.org/news/2019-05-geothermal-energy-earthquake-problem.html
* especially at-scale, destroys nature (see Iceland case)
* high transportation costs (due to low energy density)
* more: 1, [...]
* earthquake risks, for example https://phys.org/news/2019-05-geothermal-energy-earthquake-problem.html
* especially at-scale, destroys nature (see Iceland case)
* high transportation costs (due to low energy density)
* more: 1, [...]
¶ * "bio-mass"...
* is a faulty merger of many different matters and concepts:
purpose-grown & produced ethanol / biodiesel, burning waste, landfill gas, [...]
... and needs to be analyzed separately (!!!)
* nowhere near possible to scale
* still polutes, especially some types
* burning
-----------
more: 1, 2
* is a faulty merger of many different matters and concepts:
purpose-grown & produced ethanol / biodiesel, burning waste, landfill gas, [...]
... and needs to be analyzed separately (!!!)
* nowhere near possible to scale
* still polutes, especially some types
* burning
-----------
more: 1, 2
¶... And so is degrowth
* it is a political engineer mega-project
* burden of proof it's anything else than wishful thinking is on the side of proponents
* ###
* it is a political engineer mega-project
* burden of proof it's anything else than wishful thinking is on the side of proponents
* ###
¶Renewables have a different class of problems
They are REAL PROBLEMS ("The river is permanently destroyed"), not POTENTIAL problems ("Chernobyl might happen again").
The question becomes a willingness to trade MASSIVE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS for perhaps relatively SMALLER REAL PROBLEMS.
They are REAL PROBLEMS ("The river is permanently destroyed"), not POTENTIAL problems ("Chernobyl might happen again").
The question becomes a willingness to trade MASSIVE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS for perhaps relatively SMALLER REAL PROBLEMS.
¶M.Shellenberger's nuclear argument
Watch for 10 minutes of informing stats:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1f4BKsFrCA
!!! break apart
Author:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Shellenberger
(also has a regular pro-nuclear mailing list)
_______________
More...:
* (his article) https://environmentalprogress.org/big-news/2020/6/29/on-behalf-of-environmentalists-i-apologize-for-the-climate-scare :
#polemics case
(contra) http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2020/07/shellenbergers-op-ad/
(contra) https://climatecrocks.com/2020/07/10/more-on-an-environmentalists-apology/
* [...]
Watch for 10 minutes of informing stats:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1f4BKsFrCA
!!! break apart
Author:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Shellenberger
(also has a regular pro-nuclear mailing list)
_______________
More...:
* (his article) https://environmentalprogress.org/big-news/2020/6/29/on-behalf-of-environmentalists-i-apologize-for-the-climate-scare :
#polemics case
(contra) http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2020/07/shellenbergers-op-ad/
(contra) https://climatecrocks.com/2020/07/10/more-on-an-environmentalists-apology/
* [...]
¶Nuclear medicine & Nuclear science (also produce lower-grade waste)
If not also banning that, many anti-nuclear protests also discredits (and, presently, endanger the operation of) those industries.
"""
The proportion of various types of waste generated in the UK:[35]
_________________
!!! research & link real percentages
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1591_web.pdf
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26891309/ns/health-health_care/t/nuclear-waste-piling-us-hospitals/
https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/en13-nuclear-waste-production/en13-nuclear-waste-production
"""
Data on quantities of all waste produced, by activity category and level of radiation, are difficult to find and often include inconsistent definitions of activity categories, as they relate to a mixture of nuclear wastes generated from all sources (i.e. military, medical, industrial isotope and research activities as well as nuclear power production). Spent fuel reprocessing is the predominant source of high level waste7 (i.e. waste with high levels of radioactivity), and together with nuclear power reactors constitutes the main source of intermediate and low level wastes. Other sources of intermediate and low level waste (the military, nuclear energy R&D and medical and industrial uses) are much smaller.
"""
seems:
* it really is difficult to find
* majority is NOT medical
If not also banning that, many anti-nuclear protests also discredits (and, presently, endanger the operation of) those industries.
"""
The proportion of various types of waste generated in the UK:[35]
- 94% — low-level waste (LLW)
- ~6% — intermediate-level waste (ILW)
- <1% — high-level waste (HLW)
_________________
!!! research & link real percentages
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1591_web.pdf
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26891309/ns/health-health_care/t/nuclear-waste-piling-us-hospitals/
https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/en13-nuclear-waste-production/en13-nuclear-waste-production
"""
Data on quantities of all waste produced, by activity category and level of radiation, are difficult to find and often include inconsistent definitions of activity categories, as they relate to a mixture of nuclear wastes generated from all sources (i.e. military, medical, industrial isotope and research activities as well as nuclear power production). Spent fuel reprocessing is the predominant source of high level waste7 (i.e. waste with high levels of radioactivity), and together with nuclear power reactors constitutes the main source of intermediate and low level wastes. Other sources of intermediate and low level waste (the military, nuclear energy R&D and medical and industrial uses) are much smaller.
"""
seems:
* it really is difficult to find
* majority is NOT medical
¶What to do with nuclear waste?
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx
It's important to first understand the different classes of nuclear waste.
________
Additionally, there's very little high-level waste:
"""HLW accounts for just 3% of the volume, but 95% of the total radioactivity of produced waste"""
Most of HLW is reprocessed to LLW.
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx
It's important to first understand the different classes of nuclear waste.
________
Additionally, there's very little high-level waste:
"""HLW accounts for just 3% of the volume, but 95% of the total radioactivity of produced waste"""
Most of HLW is reprocessed to LLW.
¶Exteremely fragile & not post-civilization ready
Reactors do not just simply shutdown with a switch, or "cool down" by themselves. These processes are very involved.
In that way, they are a long-term pledge with no easy way out.
If there is a lack of involvement or deterrioration of skills at any time in the future, for any reason, they will fail.
In this way, they also, for example, prevent any possibility of a "full primitivism", even if that would be generally desired.
Reactors do not just simply shutdown with a switch, or "cool down" by themselves. These processes are very involved.
In that way, they are a long-term pledge with no easy way out.
If there is a lack of involvement or deterrioration of skills at any time in the future, for any reason, they will fail.
In this way, they also, for example, prevent any possibility of a "full primitivism", even if that would be generally desired.
¶Leukemia more common in children near to plants
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCK%E2%80%A2CEN#Increased_risk_of_cancer
nuclear experimental center @belgium
... +lies ???
https://timeforchange.org/nuclear-power-station-causing-cancer/
The result showed a significantly higher risk to get cancer if the children lived within a circle of less than 5 km around a nuclear power plant
https://theecologist.org/2014/aug/23/nuclear-power-stations-cause-childhood-leukemia-and-heres-proof
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696975/
Childhood Leukemia in the Vicinity of Nuclear Power Plants in Germany
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897218/
CANCER: Childhood Leukemia and Proximity to Nuclear Power Plants
https://www.ianfairlie.org/news/childhood-leukemias-near-nuclear-power-stations-new-article/
Childhood Leukemias Near Nuclear Power Stations: new article
https://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20050628/nuclear-workers-may-face-higher-cancer-risk
The researchers show that people who are consistently exposed to low doses of radiation -- such as those who work in nuclear plants -- have about a 10% higher risk of death due to all cancers except leukemia. The risk of death due to leukemia was found to be 19% higher.
https://sci.life-extension.narkive.com/1hlCd29W/crazy-nuclear-energy-promoter-now-dead-from-leukemia
scroll down to radium girls even tho it's about intake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCK%E2%80%A2CEN#Increased_risk_of_cancer
nuclear experimental center @belgium
https://timeforchange.org/nuclear-power-station-causing-cancer/
The result showed a significantly higher risk to get cancer if the children lived within a circle of less than 5 km around a nuclear power plant
https://theecologist.org/2014/aug/23/nuclear-power-stations-cause-childhood-leukemia-and-heres-proof
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696975/
Childhood Leukemia in the Vicinity of Nuclear Power Plants in Germany
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897218/
CANCER: Childhood Leukemia and Proximity to Nuclear Power Plants
https://www.ianfairlie.org/news/childhood-leukemias-near-nuclear-power-stations-new-article/
Childhood Leukemias Near Nuclear Power Stations: new article
https://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20050628/nuclear-workers-may-face-higher-cancer-risk
The researchers show that people who are consistently exposed to low doses of radiation -- such as those who work in nuclear plants -- have about a 10% higher risk of death due to all cancers except leukemia. The risk of death due to leukemia was found to be 19% higher.
https://sci.life-extension.narkive.com/1hlCd29W/crazy-nuclear-energy-promoter-now-dead-from-leukemia
scroll down to radium girls even tho it's about intake
¶Tritium releases in environment
(This was new to me 2019-10)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium#Health_risks
... a claim about the Loire river? ... >pau <ref> to translate
:
current pollution in La Loire -> https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/tritium-loire-quel-danger-1688006.html
also http://en.rfi.fr/20190619-radioactivity-levels-abnormally-high-france-loire-river-monitor-nuclear-power-contamination/
and https://larotative.info/pollution-nucleaire-dans-la-loire-3333.html
and maybe interesting:
* map of plants in France -> http://www.cartesfrance.fr/cartes/geographie/carte-centrales-nucleaires-2013-grand-format.jpg
... but does this have any real measured, measurable or even speculated adverse effects?
... how do they compare with real effects compared to all other sources?
(This was new to me 2019-10)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium#Health_risks
... a claim about the Loire river? ... >pau
:
current pollution in La Loire -> https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/tritium-loire-quel-danger-1688006.html
also http://en.rfi.fr/20190619-radioactivity-levels-abnormally-high-france-loire-river-monitor-nuclear-power-contamination/
and https://larotative.info/pollution-nucleaire-dans-la-loire-3333.html
and maybe interesting:
* map of plants in France -> http://www.cartesfrance.fr/cartes/geographie/carte-centrales-nucleaires-2013-grand-format.jpg
... but does this have any real measured, measurable or even speculated adverse effects?
... how do they compare with real effects compared to all other sources?
¶Rifkin is against nuclear ...
Gives some great figures @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3nhhOitYmk
!!! transcribe + answer:
* I asked +shellenberger but he does not comment
Gives some great figures @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3nhhOitYmk
!!! transcribe + answer:
* I asked +shellenberger but he does not comment
¶[!] REPRESENTATION SYSTEM -- display grand #energetics total of Slovenia !!!
don't only represent "infrastructural" power plants
also include community power plants:
* we have 1 mil cars with avg 100 hp ... that is ~100 nuclear power plants???
* house heating furnaces
* boats, diesel trains, ...
how much are those burning & polluting?
what are the costs of producing, and not using them?
what could be recuperated by integrateding - #infrastructuring - thees systems ???
don't only represent "infrastructural" power plants
also include community power plants:
* we have 1 mil cars with avg 100 hp ... that is ~100 nuclear power plants???
* house heating furnaces
* boats, diesel trains, ...
how much are those burning & polluting?
what are the costs of producing, and not using them?
what could be recuperated by integrateding - #infrastructuring - thees systems ???
¶[!!] ask >shellenberger to comment on Rifkin
http://environmentalprogress.org/big-news/2017/11/21/why-i-changed-my-mind-about-nuclear-power-transcript-of-michael-shellenbergers-tedx-berlin-2017
http://environmentalprogress.org/big-news/2017/11/21/why-i-changed-my-mind-about-nuclear-power-transcript-of-michael-shellenbergers-tedx-berlin-2017
¶Independant radiations observation
:
* CRIIRAD [FR] -> https://www.criirad.org/
* monitoring gamma radiations -> http://balises.criirad.org/
* transparency and publication (archives current year) -> http://balises.criirad.org/archives_graphes_annee_en_cours.html
* methodology to read graphics -> http://balises.criirad.org/pdf/BAL_CODE_GRAPH_1.pdf
* "Russian event 2019-08"
* Nionoska #3 -> https://www.criirad.org/actualites/dossier2019/2019-08-20_cp_Nionoksa_3.pdf
* Nionoska #2 -> https://www.criirad.org/actualites/dossier2019/2019-08-13_cp_Nionoksa_2.pdf
----------
In some nuclear elements, gamma radiations are low or non measurables, while producing strong and dangerous alpha radiations (particularly when inhalated):
== case for Plutonium 238 and Polonium 210
If those elements are spread by an explosion, measured ambiant gamma level won't be significantly affected (if not not at all), while the air the people breathe in could be strongly contaminated, without any alert emitted.
________________ translation from #2 extract linked above___________________
"" Les radionucléides sélectionnés pour constituer des sources d’énergie sont des émetteurs de rayonnement très puissants.
C’est notamment le cas du plutonium 238 et du polonium 210 qui sont des émetteurs de rayonnement alpha très radiotoxiques dès lors qu’ils sont incorporés, en particulier s’ils sont inhalés.
Il faut également souligner que les radionucléides utilisés ont le plus souvent des émissions gamma de faible intensité:
* émission gamma faible pour l’américium 241;
* très faible pour le plutonium 238, les isotopes 142 et 144 du cérium;
* nulle pour le polonium 210 et le strontium 908.
Si l’un de ces radionucléides est dispersé par une explosion, l’incidence sur le niveau de rayonnement gamma ambiant mesuré par les capteurs restera limitée, voire nulle, et l’air respiré par la population pourra être fortement contaminé sans provoquer d’alerte.
""
----------
Missing alpha doses rates !!!!!!
* tools used by CRIIRAD to measure Radon (and Thoron) alpha radiations -> https://www.criirad.org/laboratoire/radon/appareil.mesure.html
--------
[first]
from 2 months to 1 year measurement with "nitrate de cellulose" (non dynamic)
requires chemical treatment and microscopic observation afterwars
[second]
continuous monitoring (dynamic)
10min intervals
* EURDEP [EU] -> https://eurdep.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Entry/Default.aspx
* services -> https://remon.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Services
* radiological maps -> https://remap.jrc.ec.europa.eu/GammaDoseRates.aspx
* gamma dose rates
#representation.systems
* no data Russia
:
* CRIIRAD [FR] -> https://www.criirad.org/
* monitoring gamma radiations -> http://balises.criirad.org/
* transparency and publication (archives current year) -> http://balises.criirad.org/archives_graphes_annee_en_cours.html
* methodology to read graphics -> http://balises.criirad.org/pdf/BAL_CODE_GRAPH_1.pdf
* "Russian event 2019-08"
* Nionoska #3 -> https://www.criirad.org/actualites/dossier2019/2019-08-20_cp_Nionoksa_3.pdf
* Nionoska #2 -> https://www.criirad.org/actualites/dossier2019/2019-08-13_cp_Nionoksa_2.pdf
----------
In some nuclear elements, gamma radiations are low or non measurables, while producing strong and dangerous alpha radiations (particularly when inhalated):
== case for Plutonium 238 and Polonium 210
If those elements are spread by an explosion, measured ambiant gamma level won't be significantly affected (if not not at all), while the air the people breathe in could be strongly contaminated, without any alert emitted.
________________ translation from #2 extract linked above___________________
"" Les radionucléides sélectionnés pour constituer des sources d’énergie sont des émetteurs de rayonnement très puissants.
C’est notamment le cas du plutonium 238 et du polonium 210 qui sont des émetteurs de rayonnement alpha très radiotoxiques dès lors qu’ils sont incorporés, en particulier s’ils sont inhalés.
Il faut également souligner que les radionucléides utilisés ont le plus souvent des émissions gamma de faible intensité:
* émission gamma faible pour l’américium 241;
* très faible pour le plutonium 238, les isotopes 142 et 144 du cérium;
* nulle pour le polonium 210 et le strontium 908.
Si l’un de ces radionucléides est dispersé par une explosion, l’incidence sur le niveau de rayonnement gamma ambiant mesuré par les capteurs restera limitée, voire nulle, et l’air respiré par la population pourra être fortement contaminé sans provoquer d’alerte.
""
----------
Missing alpha doses rates !!!!!!
* tools used by CRIIRAD to measure Radon (and Thoron) alpha radiations -> https://www.criirad.org/laboratoire/radon/appareil.mesure.html
--------
[first]
from 2 months to 1 year measurement with "nitrate de cellulose" (non dynamic)
requires chemical treatment and microscopic observation afterwars
[second]
continuous monitoring (dynamic)
10min intervals
* EURDEP [EU] -> https://eurdep.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Entry/Default.aspx
* services -> https://remon.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Services
* radiological maps -> https://remap.jrc.ec.europa.eu/GammaDoseRates.aspx
* gamma dose rates
#representation.systems
* no data Russia
¶Different types (classes) of nuclear waste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste#Classification
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management
by countries !
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_waste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_waste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste#Classification
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management
by countries !
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_waste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_waste
¶EU study about populace informedness
https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_227_en.pdf
https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_227_en.pdf
¶Nuclear in SLOVENIA
general:
* one nuclear power plant (shared with Croatia, per agreement in Yugoslavia when it was built)
* 50/50 of building another bloc as of 2019
* populace very informed
people & their opinions...:
+djnd ?
+levica ?
+eko.krog ?
+balkan.river.defense ?
... collect !
the media:
https://radiostudent.si/znanost/odprti-termin-za-znanost/drugi-blok-nuklearne-elektrarne-kr%C5%A1ko
general:
* one nuclear power plant (shared with Croatia, per agreement in Yugoslavia when it was built)
* 50/50 of building another bloc as of 2019
* populace very informed
people & their opinions...:
+djnd ?
+levica ?
+eko.krog ?
+balkan.river.defense ?
... collect !
the media:
https://radiostudent.si/znanost/odprti-termin-za-znanost/drugi-blok-nuklearne-elektrarne-kr%C5%A1ko
¶(-) dumping of extremely radioactive waste water into sea in next few years
???
"not until the olympics" ...
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/10/fukushima-japan-will-have-to-dump-radioactive-water-into-pacific-minister-says
???
"not until the olympics" ...
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/10/fukushima-japan-will-have-to-dump-radioactive-water-into-pacific-minister-says
¶(-) increased cancer rates in west coast USA ?
???
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/science/fukushima-radiation-levels-california-wine-nyt.html
"""
The California Department of Public Health said Friday that it had not previously heard of the study, but that there were no “health and safety concerns to California residents.”
“This report does not change that,” a department spokesman, Corey Egel, said in an emailed statement.
"""
______
maybe:
* http://www.beachapedia.org/Radiation_From_Fukushima
* https://www.globalresearch.ca/28-signs-that-the-west-coast-is-being-absolutely-fried-with-nuclear-radiation-from-fukushima/5355280
* https://www.wired.com/2016/03/cancer-rates-spiked-fukushima-dont-blame-radiation/
???
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/science/fukushima-radiation-levels-california-wine-nyt.html
"""
The California Department of Public Health said Friday that it had not previously heard of the study, but that there were no “health and safety concerns to California residents.”
“This report does not change that,” a department spokesman, Corey Egel, said in an emailed statement.
"""
______
maybe:
* http://www.beachapedia.org/Radiation_From_Fukushima
* https://www.globalresearch.ca/28-signs-that-the-west-coast-is-being-absolutely-fried-with-nuclear-radiation-from-fukushima/5355280
* https://www.wired.com/2016/03/cancer-rates-spiked-fukushima-dont-blame-radiation/
¶"what's wrong ??? just read the facts!"
okay:
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster#Radioactive_contamination
* chernobyl
* [...]
okay:
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster#Radioactive_contamination
* chernobyl
* [...]
¶New types of reactors / mini reactors (2030+)
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51233444
"""
Manufacturer Rolls-Royce has told the BBC's Today programme that it plans to install and operate factory-built power stations by 2029.
...
Rolls-Royce is leading a consortium to build small modular reactors (SMRs) and install them in former nuclear sites in Cumbria or in Wales. Ultimately, the company thinks it will build between 10 and 15 of the stations in the UK.
"""
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51233444
"""
Manufacturer Rolls-Royce has told the BBC's Today programme that it plans to install and operate factory-built power stations by 2029.
...
Rolls-Royce is leading a consortium to build small modular reactors (SMRs) and install them in former nuclear sites in Cumbria or in Wales. Ultimately, the company thinks it will build between 10 and 15 of the stations in the UK.
"""
¶alternative: RADICAL DEGROWTH
aka "decrease in use"
(own stub):
* "smart grids" - dramatically rebuild the energy grid to allow more than just metering:
* absolute limiting
* device limiting
* [...]
* enforce (positive & negative) all energy-influencing technology transitions:
from lighting, to [...]
* also rethink other basic parts of experience - architecture, sociophysics, etc:
how and where people dwell, meet, etc.
* [...]
aka "decrease in use"
(own stub):
* "smart grids" - dramatically rebuild the energy grid to allow more than just metering:
* absolute limiting
* device limiting
* [...]
* enforce (positive & negative) all energy-influencing technology transitions:
from lighting, to [...]
* also rethink other basic parts of experience - architecture, sociophysics, etc:
how and where people dwell, meet, etc.
* [...]
¶alternatives' industrial input problem: rare earths
"""
What are the 17 rare earths?
The 17 rare-earth elements are cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and yttrium (Y).
"""
"""
What are the 17 rare earths?
The 17 rare-earth elements are cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and yttrium (Y).
"""
¶[!!] study basics of energetics
concepts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_mix
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaking_power_plant
http://lab.fs.uni-lj.si/kes/energetska_proizvodnja/ep-predavanje-h01.pdf
concepts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_mix
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaking_power_plant
http://lab.fs.uni-lj.si/kes/energetska_proizvodnja/ep-predavanje-h01.pdf
¶[!!] Study and link more basic FAQs
:
* https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-wastes-myths-and-realities.aspx
* [...] !!!
:
* https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-wastes-myths-and-realities.aspx
* [...] !!!
¶(-) Ocean disposal of radioactive waste
#toread !!!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_disposal_of_radioactive_waste
https://www.counterpunch.org/2009/09/18/the-nuclear-dump-in-the-mediterranean-sea/
"""
Dozens of ships, reportedly carrying cargos of what could be thousands of barrels of radioactive and toxic wastes have been intentionally sunk off the shores of Italy, Spain, Greece and as far away as Africa and Asia, by the International Ecomafia led by Calabria’s ‘Ndrangheta organized crime syndicate
"""
#toread !!!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_disposal_of_radioactive_waste
https://www.counterpunch.org/2009/09/18/the-nuclear-dump-in-the-mediterranean-sea/
"""
Dozens of ships, reportedly carrying cargos of what could be thousands of barrels of radioactive and toxic wastes have been intentionally sunk off the shores of Italy, Spain, Greece and as far away as Africa and Asia, by the International Ecomafia led by Calabria’s ‘Ndrangheta organized crime syndicate
"""
¶(-) disorganization of low-grade radiation storage
for example → http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26891309/ns/health-health_care/t/nuclear-waste-piling-us-hospitals/
"""
“Instead of safely secured in one place, it’s stored in thousands of places in urban locations all over the United States,” said Rick Jacobi, a nuclear waste consultant and former head of a Texas agency that unsuccessfully tried to create a disposal site for that state.
"""
for example → http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26891309/ns/health-health_care/t/nuclear-waste-piling-us-hospitals/
"""
“Instead of safely secured in one place, it’s stored in thousands of places in urban locations all over the United States,” said Rick Jacobi, a nuclear waste consultant and former head of a Texas agency that unsuccessfully tried to create a disposal site for that state.
"""
¶perspective: Greenpeace (-)
read !!!
https://cdn.greenpeace.fr/site/uploads/2019/01/REPORT_NUCLEAR_WASTE_CRISIS_ENG_BD-2.pdf
read !!!
https://cdn.greenpeace.fr/site/uploads/2019/01/REPORT_NUCLEAR_WASTE_CRISIS_ENG_BD-2.pdf
¶(David Harvey) "i wouldn't trust my anarchist friends to run a nuclear power plant..."
https://libcom.org/library/i-wouldnt-want-my-anarchist-friends-be-charge-nuclear-power-station-david-harvey-anarchi
https://libcom.org/library/i-wouldnt-want-my-anarchist-friends-be-charge-nuclear-power-station-david-harvey-anarchi
¶(+) Other industries also explode, kill people, and have externalia
Chernobyl & Fukushima in no way exceptional
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/five-people-missing-after-explosion-at-chemicals-plant-in-leverkusen-d9806fm3j
Chernobyl & Fukushima in no way exceptional
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/five-people-missing-after-explosion-at-chemicals-plant-in-leverkusen-d9806fm3j
¶Belgium is also closing down plants
https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium-all-news/198947/belgium-reaches-agreement-on-nuclear-exit
huh
https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium-all-news/198947/belgium-reaches-agreement-on-nuclear-exit
huh
¶(--) Greenpeace on Niger uranium mining
https://omladic.blogspot.com/2022/01/zabelezka-o-rudarjenju-urana.html
"""
However, in November 2009, Greenpeace - in collaboration with the French independent laboratory CRIIRAD and the Nigerien NGO network ROTAB - was able to do a brief scientific study of the area, measuring the radioactivity of the water, air and earth around the AREVA mining towns. While not exhaustive, the results were disturbing:
• In 40 years of operation, a total of 270 billion litres of water have been used, contaminating the water and draining the aquifer, which will take millions of years to be replaced.
• In four of the five water samples that Greenpeace collected in the Arlit region, the uranium concentration was above the WHO recommended limit for drinking water. Historical data indicate a gradual increase in uranium concentration over the last 20 years, which can point at the influence of the mining operation. Some of the water samples even contained dissolved radioactive gas radon.
• A radon measurement performed at the police station in Akokan showed a radon concentration in the air three to seven times higher than normal levels in the area.
• Fine (dust) fractions showed an increased radioactivity concentration reaching two or three times higher than the coarse fraction. Increased levels of uranium and decay products in small particles that easily spread as dust would point at increased risks of inhalation or ingestion.
• The concentration of uranium and other radioactive materials in a soil sample collected near the underground mine was found to be about 100 times higher than normal levels in the region, and higher than the international exemption limits.
• On the streets of Akokan, radiation dose rate levels were found to be up to almost 500 times higher than normal background levels. A person spending less than one hour a day at that location would be exposed to more than the maximum allowable annual dose.
• Although AREVA claims no contaminated material gets out of the mines anymore, Greenpeace found several pieces of radioactive scrap metal on the local market in Arlit, with radiation dose rate reaching up to 50 times more than the normal background levels. Locals use these materials to build their homes *
"""
https://omladic.blogspot.com/2022/01/zabelezka-o-rudarjenju-urana.html
"""
However, in November 2009, Greenpeace - in collaboration with the French independent laboratory CRIIRAD and the Nigerien NGO network ROTAB - was able to do a brief scientific study of the area, measuring the radioactivity of the water, air and earth around the AREVA mining towns. While not exhaustive, the results were disturbing:
• In 40 years of operation, a total of 270 billion litres of water have been used, contaminating the water and draining the aquifer, which will take millions of years to be replaced.
• In four of the five water samples that Greenpeace collected in the Arlit region, the uranium concentration was above the WHO recommended limit for drinking water. Historical data indicate a gradual increase in uranium concentration over the last 20 years, which can point at the influence of the mining operation. Some of the water samples even contained dissolved radioactive gas radon.
• A radon measurement performed at the police station in Akokan showed a radon concentration in the air three to seven times higher than normal levels in the area.
• Fine (dust) fractions showed an increased radioactivity concentration reaching two or three times higher than the coarse fraction. Increased levels of uranium and decay products in small particles that easily spread as dust would point at increased risks of inhalation or ingestion.
• The concentration of uranium and other radioactive materials in a soil sample collected near the underground mine was found to be about 100 times higher than normal levels in the region, and higher than the international exemption limits.
• On the streets of Akokan, radiation dose rate levels were found to be up to almost 500 times higher than normal background levels. A person spending less than one hour a day at that location would be exposed to more than the maximum allowable annual dose.
• Although AREVA claims no contaminated material gets out of the mines anymore, Greenpeace found several pieces of radioactive scrap metal on the local market in Arlit, with radiation dose rate reaching up to 50 times more than the normal background levels. Locals use these materials to build their homes *
"""
¶(--) Kazak mining & health effect
"""
" ... Comprehensive clinical assessment of health status of children and adults living near Stepnogorsk uranium processing enterprises showed a high risk of developing chronic diseases of internal organs due to long-term toxic effects of radiation. The study of reproductive health of women living in areas adjacent to the uranium mines showed a low percentage of healthy women (13 %) [68]. Among children of Stepnogorsk city the urinary tract infections and chronic bronchitis amounted to a high percentage of the total somatic pathology’s number [69]."
In our previous study [70, 71] uranium mine-workers in the Stepnogorsk mining-milling complex in North Kazakhstan were investigated for the expression of chromosome aberrations and for genetic factors that can modify the exposure related expression of chromosome damage. The study has demonstrated an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in uranium miners compared to the matched control subjects, which were not exposed to uranium compounds or to any other known chemical or physical mutagens. The data on aberration type’s frequency showed a predominance of aberrations of chromosome type in the exposed group, mainly including paired acentric fragments, dicentric chromosomes and centric rings. The study showed the dependence of the chromosomal aberration frequency on length of service in uranium mines."
"""
"""
" ... Comprehensive clinical assessment of health status of children and adults living near Stepnogorsk uranium processing enterprises showed a high risk of developing chronic diseases of internal organs due to long-term toxic effects of radiation. The study of reproductive health of women living in areas adjacent to the uranium mines showed a low percentage of healthy women (13 %) [68]. Among children of Stepnogorsk city the urinary tract infections and chronic bronchitis amounted to a high percentage of the total somatic pathology’s number [69]."
In our previous study [70, 71] uranium mine-workers in the Stepnogorsk mining-milling complex in North Kazakhstan were investigated for the expression of chromosome aberrations and for genetic factors that can modify the exposure related expression of chromosome damage. The study has demonstrated an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in uranium miners compared to the matched control subjects, which were not exposed to uranium compounds or to any other known chemical or physical mutagens. The data on aberration type’s frequency showed a predominance of aberrations of chromosome type in the exposed group, mainly including paired acentric fragments, dicentric chromosomes and centric rings. The study showed the dependence of the chromosomal aberration frequency on length of service in uranium mines."
"""
¶(--) Church Rock, USA (2nd biggest radiation release ever)
https://www.vice.com/en/article/ne8w4x/church-rock-americas-forgotten-nuclear-disaster-is-still-poisoning-navajo-lands-40-years-later
https://www.vice.com/en/article/ne8w4x/church-rock-americas-forgotten-nuclear-disaster-is-still-poisoning-navajo-lands-40-years-later
¶(--) Windscale nuclear disaster (UK)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_pWgRx7lno
* experiments
* competition rather than cooperation
* dumb deadlines and security oversight
* war industry
* "no emergency plan for dealing with a fire"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_pWgRx7lno
* experiments
* competition rather than cooperation
* dumb deadlines and security oversight
* war industry
* "no emergency plan for dealing with a fire"
¶(-) windscale/sellafield piles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscale_Piles
huh?
"""
Kraftwerk mentions Sellafield in the intro of the 1991 version of the song Radioactivity together with Chernobyl, Harrisburg and Hiroshima. On their 2005 live album Kraftwerk preface a live performance of Radioactivity with a vocoder voice announcing: Sellafield 2 will produce 7.5 tons of plutonium every year. 1.5 kilogram of plutonium make a nuclear bomb. Sellafield 2 will release the same amount of radioactivity into the environment as Chernobyl every 4.5 years. One of these radioactive substances, Krypton 85, will cause death and skin cancer.[155]
"""
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKg1l-yiEG8
50min
-----------------
[!!] the complexity, "vested interests" etc
10:30 "should they keep quiet when politicians were discussing a [key nuclear decision] or come clean? they kept quiet"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscale_Piles
huh?
"""
Kraftwerk mentions Sellafield in the intro of the 1991 version of the song Radioactivity together with Chernobyl, Harrisburg and Hiroshima. On their 2005 live album Kraftwerk preface a live performance of Radioactivity with a vocoder voice announcing: Sellafield 2 will produce 7.5 tons of plutonium every year. 1.5 kilogram of plutonium make a nuclear bomb. Sellafield 2 will release the same amount of radioactivity into the environment as Chernobyl every 4.5 years. One of these radioactive substances, Krypton 85, will cause death and skin cancer.[155]
"""
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKg1l-yiEG8
50min
-----------------
[!!] the complexity, "vested interests" etc
10:30 "should they keep quiet when politicians were discussing a [key nuclear decision] or come clean? they kept quiet"
¶Lead-cooled reactors
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-cooled_fast_reactor
https://www.leadcold.com/sealer.html
"""
SEALER (Swedish Advanced Lead Reactor) is a passively safe lead-cooled reactor designed for commercial power production in a highly compact format. Its fuel is never replaced during operation, which minimises costs related to fuel management. The integrity of steel surfaces exposed to liquid lead is ensured by use of alumina forming alloys, containing 3-4 wt% aluminium.
For Arctic applications, the fuel is 2.4 tons of 19.9% enriched uranium oxide, and the rate of electricity production may vary between 3 to 10 MW, leading to a core-life between 10 and 30 years (at 90% availability).
For on-grid applications, the fuel is 21 tons of 12% enriched uranium nitride and the rated power is 55 MWe, leading to an equivalent full power core-life of 25 years.
"""
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Joint-venture-formed-to-spur-SMR-deployment-in-Swe
"""
Uniper Sweden, LeadCold and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) are collaborating to explore the possibility of constructing a demonstration LeadCold SEALER lead-cooled small modular reactor (SMR) at Sweden's Oskarshamn plant site by 2030. The partners have also applied for funding towards building a non-nuclear prototype at Oskarshamn for testing and verifying materials and technology.
"""
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-cooled_fast_reactor
https://www.leadcold.com/sealer.html
"""
SEALER (Swedish Advanced Lead Reactor) is a passively safe lead-cooled reactor designed for commercial power production in a highly compact format. Its fuel is never replaced during operation, which minimises costs related to fuel management. The integrity of steel surfaces exposed to liquid lead is ensured by use of alumina forming alloys, containing 3-4 wt% aluminium.
For Arctic applications, the fuel is 2.4 tons of 19.9% enriched uranium oxide, and the rate of electricity production may vary between 3 to 10 MW, leading to a core-life between 10 and 30 years (at 90% availability).
For on-grid applications, the fuel is 21 tons of 12% enriched uranium nitride and the rated power is 55 MWe, leading to an equivalent full power core-life of 25 years.
"""
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Joint-venture-formed-to-spur-SMR-deployment-in-Swe
"""
Uniper Sweden, LeadCold and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) are collaborating to explore the possibility of constructing a demonstration LeadCold SEALER lead-cooled small modular reactor (SMR) at Sweden's Oskarshamn plant site by 2030. The partners have also applied for funding towards building a non-nuclear prototype at Oskarshamn for testing and verifying materials and technology.
"""
¶USA detonated a dirty bomb in Spain, 1966
"""
The first weapon to be discovered was found nearly intact. However, the conventional explosives from the other two bombs that fell on land detonated without setting off a nuclear explosion (akin to a dirty bomb explosion). This ignited the pyrophoric plutonium, producing a cloud that was dispersed by a 30-knot (56 km/h; 35 mph) wind. A total of 2.6 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi) was contaminated with radioactive material. This included residential areas, farmland (especially tomato farms) and woods.[27]
[...]
Despite the cost and number of personnel involved in the cleanup, forty years later there remained traces of the contamination. Snails have been observed with unusual levels of radioactivity.[31] Additional tracts of land have also been appropriated for testing and further cleanup. However, no indication of health issues has been discovered among the local population in Palomares.[29]
"""
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Palomares_B-52_crash
_____________________________
not the only time
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_nuclear_incident_terminology#Broken_Arrow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Lakenheath_nuclear_weapons_accidents
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Damascus_Titan_missile_explosion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash
etc
<------------------------------------------------- ((new))
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/what-happened-chinas-taishan-nuclear-reactor-2021-06-15
Taishan @ June 2021 : ???
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2021-07-08/nuclear-energy-will-not-be-solution-climate-change
closing reactors and high capital costs ...
https://www.leonardodicaprio.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/?fbclid=IwAR1k-ooqlR_gNOBKuTYiRWVv-khAaWKzVhLQP0pY7iRkR25PNAxcdJDA7M8
"""
"There is no such thing as a zero- or close-to-zero emission nuclear power plant. Even existing plants emit due to the continuous mining and refining of uranium needed for the plant. Emissions from new nuclear are 78 to 178 g-CO2/kWh, not close to 0. Of this, 64 to 102 g-CO2/kWh over 100 years are emissions from the background grid while consumers wait 10 to 19 years for nuclear to come online or be refurbished, relative to 2 to 5 years for wind or solar. In addition, all nuclear plants emit 4.4 g-CO2e/kWh from the water vapor and heat they release. This contrasts with solar panels and wind turbines, which reduce heat or water vapor fluxes to the air by about 2.2 g-CO2e/kWh for a net difference from this factor alone of 6.6 g-CO2e/kWh."
"""
<lomladic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_artillery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordechai_Vanunu
israel weapons program whistleblower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_bomb
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_radiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative
"star wars" reagan missile shield
"""
SDI was controversial throughout its history, and was criticized for threatening to destabilize the MAD-approach and to possibly re-ignite "an offensive arms race".[12] SDI was derisively nicknamed by Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy as "Star Wars", after the 1977 film by George Lucas. By the early 1990s, with the Cold War ending and nuclear arsenals being rapidly reduced, political support for SDI collapsed. SDI officially ended in 1993, when the administration of President Bill Clinton redirected the efforts towards theatre ballistic missiles and renamed the agency the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO). BMDO was renamed the Missile Defense Agency in 2002.
"""
us nukes worldwide
https://theconversation.com/why-the-us-has-nuclear-weapons-in-turkey-and-may-try-to-put-the-bombs-away-125477
* no access -> https://www.techniques-ingenieur.fr/base-documentaire/energies-th4/instrumentation-et-controle-commande-des-installations-nucleaires-42202210/detecteurs-nucleaires-bn3482/
#documentation #tools #monitoring
* Ask for ALTERNATIVES to nuclear:
as a #numerics #case
"""
The first weapon to be discovered was found nearly intact. However, the conventional explosives from the other two bombs that fell on land detonated without setting off a nuclear explosion (akin to a dirty bomb explosion). This ignited the pyrophoric plutonium, producing a cloud that was dispersed by a 30-knot (56 km/h; 35 mph) wind. A total of 2.6 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi) was contaminated with radioactive material. This included residential areas, farmland (especially tomato farms) and woods.[27]
[...]
Despite the cost and number of personnel involved in the cleanup, forty years later there remained traces of the contamination. Snails have been observed with unusual levels of radioactivity.[31] Additional tracts of land have also been appropriated for testing and further cleanup. However, no indication of health issues has been discovered among the local population in Palomares.[29]
"""
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Palomares_B-52_crash
_____________________________
not the only time
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_nuclear_incident_terminology#Broken_Arrow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Lakenheath_nuclear_weapons_accidents
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Damascus_Titan_missile_explosion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash
etc
<------------------------------------------------- ((new))
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/what-happened-chinas-taishan-nuclear-reactor-2021-06-15
Taishan @ June 2021 : ???
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2021-07-08/nuclear-energy-will-not-be-solution-climate-change
closing reactors and high capital costs ...
https://www.leonardodicaprio.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/?fbclid=IwAR1k-ooqlR_gNOBKuTYiRWVv-khAaWKzVhLQP0pY7iRkR25PNAxcdJDA7M8
"""
"There is no such thing as a zero- or close-to-zero emission nuclear power plant. Even existing plants emit due to the continuous mining and refining of uranium needed for the plant. Emissions from new nuclear are 78 to 178 g-CO2/kWh, not close to 0. Of this, 64 to 102 g-CO2/kWh over 100 years are emissions from the background grid while consumers wait 10 to 19 years for nuclear to come online or be refurbished, relative to 2 to 5 years for wind or solar. In addition, all nuclear plants emit 4.4 g-CO2e/kWh from the water vapor and heat they release. This contrasts with solar panels and wind turbines, which reduce heat or water vapor fluxes to the air by about 2.2 g-CO2e/kWh for a net difference from this factor alone of 6.6 g-CO2e/kWh."
"""
<lomladic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_artillery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordechai_Vanunu
israel weapons program whistleblower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_bomb
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_radiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative
"star wars" reagan missile shield
"""
SDI was controversial throughout its history, and was criticized for threatening to destabilize the MAD-approach and to possibly re-ignite "an offensive arms race".[12] SDI was derisively nicknamed by Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy as "Star Wars", after the 1977 film by George Lucas. By the early 1990s, with the Cold War ending and nuclear arsenals being rapidly reduced, political support for SDI collapsed. SDI officially ended in 1993, when the administration of President Bill Clinton redirected the efforts towards theatre ballistic missiles and renamed the agency the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO). BMDO was renamed the Missile Defense Agency in 2002.
"""
us nukes worldwide
https://theconversation.com/why-the-us-has-nuclear-weapons-in-turkey-and-may-try-to-put-the-bombs-away-125477
* no access -> https://www.techniques-ingenieur.fr/base-documentaire/energies-th4/instrumentation-et-controle-commande-des-installations-nucleaires-42202210/detecteurs-nucleaires-bn3482/
#documentation #tools #monitoring
* Ask for ALTERNATIVES to nuclear:
as a #numerics #case