NOTES:


   

Farming


   

Human Civilization


   

& "Metabolic Rift"



EXTENSION OF 🔗farming !


< STUB+ >

Ties to:
    * XXX🔗cybergovernance
    * ###





*** TODO FOR GRAPH

* separate different machine works
* [...]


<------------------------------------ (new) TODOS FOR GRAPH





*** PAD


NUTRIENTS: SOIL


  nitrogen (AIR!)

Called the nitrogen cycle, this process is essential to life on Earth. Unlike other elements, nitrogen is not mined from the Earth. Rather, it is taken from the air through fractional distillation: air is cooled until it liquefies, then heated in a carefully controlled process.

?????? how much energy (electicity) is needed for this?
?????? (then, PER HECTARE for example)



  potassium (MINED!)

Mined from POTASH.

https://therearenosunglasses.wordpress.com/2011/01/12/peak-potassium-the-next-resource-war/
"""
We will not actually run out of potassium—it’s fairly plentiful.   What we will run out of are deposits that are sufficiently concentrated that they can be mined efficiently.    The richest such deposit is in Saskatchewan.  According to Deffeyes, the known reserves worldwide could last up to 200 years at the present rate of extraction.  However, as world population expands and as the “green revolution” replaces traditional agriculture, the amount of potassium fertilizer consumed will not remain constant—it will expand exponentially.
"""

https://www.motherjones.com/food/2012/11/are-we-heading-toward-peak-fertilizer/
"""
But phosphorus and potassium cannot be synthesized—they’re found in significant amounts only in a few large deposits scattered across the planet, in the form, respectively, of phosphate rock and potash. After less than a century of industrial ag, we’re starting to burn through them
"""

http://www.farminstitute.org.au/ag-forum/another_peak_theory_looks_set_to_bite_the_dust
"there is no peak potash"





(VOCAB)

* oranje // plowing vs tillage ??? :
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage
* crop rotation // kolobarjenje
* [...]

N (nitrogen) = DUŠIK
P (phosphorus) = FOSFOR
K (potassium) = KALIJ




" NO TILL "

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean_management_practices
and NO TILL (= less EROSION)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-till_farming
"""
It increases the amount and variety of life in and on the soil, including disease-causing organisms and disease organisms.  The most powerful benefit of no-tillage is improvement in soil biological fertility, making soils more resilient
"""


GRAPH -- WEIRD REIFICATION TRY FOR "MACHINE WORK"
"""
###
### "FERTILIZATION TRANSFORMS VIA MACHINEWORK"
### (trying to represent "reified edges"...)
###

#1 - main connection
{{machinework}} <> MACHINE-WORK

#2 - statements
fertilisation > {{machinework1}} > _%pasture

#3 - bringing back to main
{{machinework}}:
    {{machinework1}}
    {{machinework2}}
    {{machinework3}}


MACHINE-WORK <:
    ~%BURNING OIL
        Oil
            Oil Extraction
    LABOUR


"""



IT IS A "MIXED FIELD" ... HOW TO EVALUATE?

This was a main takeaway of +fotrmat talk day.

By this I mean:
    * you can have grass-fed beef ... but most is not
    * you can have non-destructive fertilisation ... but most is not

Concrete statistical information is critical:
    * resistant to "oh but this neighbour farmer is doing it like this ... even though i don't buy from them"
    * resistant to "yes people should buy more from them"
    * [...]




INDUSTRIAL "IDIOT" SILAGE

(all different tractor machines!):
    * shit x2
    * cut x1
    * turn x2-3
    * row x1
    * pack x1
    * move/zone (to edge of field) x1
    * transport for collection x1 (+1 for moving to edge of field, +1 for loading)
    ====
    ~10-12 machine interventions
    distance: 3km
    time: 30min (~ 8km/h)
    diesel: 10L per hour ?????? ........ 5L per round
    10 x 5 = 50L of oil
    farming diesel price: 0.5€ !!
    == 50L

case:
    6 bales
    ~30€ cost per bale
    === 200€

check []
"""
The calorific value of diesel fuel is roughly 45.5 MJ/kg (megajoules per kilogram), slightly lower than petrol which is 45.8 MJ/kg. However, diesel fuel is denser than petrol and contains about 15% more energy by volume (roughly 36.9 MJ/litre compared to 33.7 MJ/litre).
"""
40MJ * 50L = 200MJ

bales:
    round bale ~500kg hay

caloric density of a bale of grass:
    2000 cal / kg 
    2000 cal = 10KJ / kg
    10KJ/kg x 500kg = 500 KJ
    ==5000 / 20KJ (horse day)
    == 250 horse days
    ==5000KJ PER BALE
    ==5MJ PER BALE


TOTAL:
    SIDE A (WINS):
        5MJ PER BALE
        6 BALES
        == 30MJ
    SIDE B (LOSES):
        40MJ PER L
        50L DIESEL
        == 2000MJ
        == 2GJ
        !!!!!!!!! WITHOUT HUMAN TIME
    COMPARISON:
        === 30 : 2000 = 1:70 LOSES



  (about horses)

"""
How many calories does my horse need per day?
Activity LevelDaily CaloriesMaintenance
Approximately 15,000 calories
--------------------
>lies HORSE FEEDING !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
6 - 9 kg hay per day
~10kg per day ........... 20 pounds
BALE = 200 cal per 100g = 2000 cal per kg
2000 cal x 10kg
== 20k calories PER DAY
"""

SANITY 2:
"""
If you are feeding only hay, then an average-sized horse on a moderate workload will need to eat at least 25 pounds of hay a day. For a four-month winter, then, you will need about 6,000 pounds of hay. Assuming that you're getting round bales that are around 750 pounds, that means you need 8 for the winter. Buy 9 to be safe.
"""

25 pounds / horse day ........ OK
6000 pounds per winter (3 horses ... 2000 per horse .... 80 days) ...... OK
750 pounds per bale ........ OK




(CONTINUE) HUMAN TIME IN J:

ENERGY PER DAY:
    2000 cal of food

Humans do not generate much power. Think about a person who consumes 2000 calories in a day. Every calorie from food (kCal) is equal to 4200 joules of energy. Used over the course of a day (86,400 seconds), this person uses an average of 97.2 joules a second, meaning they have an average power of 97.2 watts.






NEW IDEAS

* maybe rename the page:
    shows more than just farming

* Global Farming: agriculture as solution for climate change? 
    "We have a trillion-ton problem, which cannot be addressed by the photosynthesis of a single plant. But when it comes to agriculture, we are not talking about one plant – we are talking about tens of thousands of plants per acre, and 3.6 billion acres of farmland worldwide. All of these acres, before they were cultivated, had soil carbon levels of between 3% and 7%. Today, they are at roughly 1% carbon. If every acre of farmland were returned to a soil carbon level of just 3%, one trillion tons of carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere and stored in the soil. Again, a teraton. The size of the potential solution is equivalent to the size of the problem."
    Terminology that should be included in graph: 
        * photosynthesis 
        * regenerative: Five important regenerative practices are planting cover crops, no-till farming, rotating crops, reducing chemicals and fertilizers, and incorporating livestock.
        
* [...]


<------------------------------------------------------ (now)


!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #important
* encouraging new media use:
    --------
    cases <lies:
        * "you lose context with graphs, especially on small screens"
        * doesn't engage with google maps the same as with paper maps
    should try to change this with 🔗teaching !
    "it's a skill that can be learned, and taught!"


map-like graphs & farming ( :

"What a useful thing a pocket-map is!" I remarked. 
"That's another thing we've learned from your Nation," said Mein Herr, "map-making. But we've carried it much further than you. What do you consider the largest map that would be really useful?" 
"About six inches to the mile." 
"Only six inches!" exclaimed Mein Herr. "We very soon got to six yards to the mile. Then we tried a hundred yards to the mile. And then came the grandest idea of all ! We  actually made a map of the country, on the scale of a mile to the mile!" 
"Have you used it much?" I enquired. 
"It has never been spread out, yet," said  Mein Herr: "the farmers objected: they said it would cover the whole country, and shut out the sunlight ! So we now use the country itself, as its own map, and I assure you it does nearly as well." :
            from Lewis Carroll, Sylvie and Bruno Concluded, Chapter XI, London, 1895




[!!*] TRIP— Visit Gilad's project near @barcelona

(telegram 20200830)

:
    * """nobody says "permaculture" on my farm! ahahahahha"""

    * organic no-till

    * "look up Ernst Gotsch":
        (syntropic farming)
        https://agendagotsch.com/en/
        """biodiversity friendly sustainable farming techniques known as syntropic agriculture or dynamic agroforestry"""
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry
        ------------
        #terraforming

    * https://ecomaresmer.cat cooperative

    * [...]


[!] CHECKOUT— Slovenia's "soil nutrient cycle" tool

https://www.tax-fin-lex.si/Home/Novica/27196
or
https://krog.sta.si/3195800/digitalno-orodje-za-spremljanje-krozenja-hranil-na-kmetiji

https://slovenia.postsen.com/local/143399/A-digital-tool-for-monitoring-nutrient-cycling-on-the-farm.html
"""
The SI-FAST tool will be used by agricultural advisors to assist with on-farm nutrient cycling advice. This includes data on the balance of major nutrients on the cropland, legal nutrient requirements and soil information, and data from an integrated administrative and control system relevant to nutrient management is also included. 
“With the establishment of the SI-FAST tool, we will digitize the entire system in the field of agriculture, which will help to prepare more accurate and sustainable interventions, which will be based on the data from this tool,” says the ministry. 
Among the goals of the project is also the training of consultants of the public agricultural advisory service and employees of the ministry and authorities in the field of business analytics and the use of the SI-FAST tool, thereby improving knowledge in the field of soil, fertilization, preparation of fertilization plans and the use of databases. 
The project will provide an information platform for the implementation of the strategic plan of the Common Agricultural Policy and the realization of the objectives of the Fork to Fork strategy and the EU Biodiversity Strategy until 2030. The purpose of the project is also to prepare the basis for the implementation of the future soil directive arising from the EU Soil Strategy until 2030. 
The project is part of the Slovenian recovery and resilience plan and is worth 1.84 million euros without value added tax. The data warehouse will be established by June 30, 2026, they also announced.
"""



[ETC]
<---------------------------- ((new))




https://www.valueflo.ws/algorithms/overview/#network-based-algorithms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_flow_analysis

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/dec/24/vegetables-vegan-organic-agriculture-farming
VEGANIC
"""
Veganic farms remain small scale now, and less developed in the United States than in the European Union, where growers already have a certifying body, called “biocyclic vegan”. In the US, there is no certification, and veganic produce is harder to find, though not impossible if buying direct from farmers, Hall said.
"""

"""
Industrial animal agriculture is the second-largest contributor to human-made greenhouse gas emissions after fossil fuels and is a leading cause of deforestation, water and air pollution and biodiversity loss.
""""

#FOOD
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/20/to-eat-or-not-to-eat-10-of-the-worlds-most-controversial-foods
#tomerge
anti:
    * avocado
    * milk (if silage)
    * palm oil
    * [...]


gemis ... software for calculating co2 footprints ... has database with sci studies etc


READING NEXT:
    * https://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/Building-Soils-for-Better-Crops-3rd-Edition/Text-Version/Nutrient-Cycles-and-Flows
    * https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1Gb00000015MIVEA2?tab=publications
    * https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/07/agriculture-climate-change-solution?fbclid=IwAR2WabqiFCktQ4ukiqUgyMbXucGXuji8FVlgCxzeOCnGbniMgUHBQ_nYOI4
    Photosynthesis as solution? 
    We have a trillion-ton problem, which cannot be addressed by the photosynthesis of a single plant. But when it comes to agriculture, we are not talking about one plant – we are talking about tens of thousands of plants per acre, and 3.6 billion acres of farmland worldwide. All of these acres, before they were cultivated, had soil carbon levels of between 3% and 7%. Today, they are at roughly 1% carbon. If every acre of farmland were returned to a soil carbon level of just 3%, one trillion tons of carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere and stored in the soil. Again, a teraton. The size of the potential solution is equivalent to the size of the problem.